Personal Finance

Financial Mistakes You Make In Your 20s

June 4, 2018 By Twila Van Leer

Financial Mistakes Made in Your 20s — Trim your expenditures to match the income, being sure to pay yourself with a little savings each pay period

Humans don’t learn all there is to know about personal finances in a day. It’s commonplace for people to learn by their mistakes early in life.

Among the most common financial errors people make in their 20s are:

Ignoring your financial flow.

A first job sometimes is the shocker. You find out after a few paychecks just how much of what you have earned goes into taxes and deductions such as health insurance. If you don’t pay attention, your expectations compared to your realities may get out of sync. Learn from the experts who say, “It’s not what you make, it’s what you keep that counts.” And develop a realistic budget. Trim your expenditures to match the income, being sure to pay yourself with a little savings each pay period.

Letting friends create your financial agenda.

It may be a tough decision, but learn to say no when your friends suggest ways to spend money that you really can’t afford, such as eating out or stopping at the local watering hole for a day’s end refresher. Use public transportation if possible, and brown-bag lunch now and again.

Not realizing that time will cure some financial stresses.

It is likely you will make more in the future, but don’t wait for the future to start serious saving. If your company has a 401(k) option, hop on it. If you can’t take full advantage of the plan to begin with, keep upgrading your contribution as raises come along. It’s the beginning of a trend you should maintain throughout your working career. If you save $200 per month beginning at age 23, with a 6 percent rate of return, you will have $425,000 when you retire at 65. If you wait until you’re 33 to begin, the same savings will only total half that amount.

Work on getting student loans repaid.

Some 2.6 million student loan borrowers in the first quarter of this year opted to pause their monthly payments through forebearance, a government allowance that stops payments, but allows interest to accrue. Make such a move a very last option if you possibly can. Ask your loan servicer first for deferment, but if that can’t be managed, opt for an income-driven repayment plan. If you never get to the point where your payments can be raised, the debt may be forgiven after 20 to 25 years.

Consider more debt for grad school.

Though a higher degree is likely to provide more financial flexibility in the future, additional education should be a carefully planned option. More Americans are getting advanced degrees – about 12 percent of those 25 and older. But it is wise to plan. Go to school part time and take advantage of any tuition assistance your work may provide. Before you sign up for classes, use a student loan calculator to see what debt you will have accumulated in exchange for enhanced earning ability. It may shock you and encourage you to take baby steps toward an advanced degree rather than incur more student debt.

Know Your Credit Score

April 5, 2018 By Twila Van Leer

Your credit score is an essential facet of your personal finances. Even so, a great number of people don’t ever know what their credit score is or how to affect it in their favor.

It makes a difference. Your credit score is one of the factors that lenders look at when they consider whether to loan you money for a home or other big-ticket item. A lower score could mean a higher interest rate or otherwise affect the mortgage agreement. Your goal should be to have a score above 760.

So find out what your score is and then apply these five steps to upgrade:

• Know your risks. You can learn what your current credit report contains by contacting one of the three main credit reporting agencies, TransUnion, Equifax and Experian. Once a year they are obligated to provide a free report. It won’t include your overall score and you usually will have to pay a fee to see that bottom line. Usually, the score will come with a list of risk factors. Study them as a starting point for improvement. There can be as many as 300 risk factors. If you choose not to pay one of the reporting agencies for a score, many credit card companies will include it on statements and there are third-party websites that provide a simulated score. They include credit.com and creditkarma. Their scores may not exactly match those of the reporting companies, but it is close enough to set you on a correction course.

• Pay your bills on time and every time. The biggest factor in determining your credit score is how faithfully you pay your bills. Obviously, no potential lender wants to hand its resources to someone who has a patchy record of repaying. Even a few days late matter. A single missed payment can drop your score by 100 to 300 points. Start by refusing to allow yourself to add to your debt. Charge only what you can afford to pay off every month in full.

• Manage the debt you have. Keep your balances low to build your credit score. Debt utilization – how much of your available credit you actually use is an important part of how you score. Your balance should never be more than 30 percent of the credit limit on any single charge card or on the total of all your cards. If your balance now exceeds that goal, plan to get them paid off as soon as possible. Add as much money as possible on each payment. Decide if you want to concentrate on the smallest balances first or whittle away at those with the highest interest.

• If you don’t have a credit card, open one. A wallet full of credit cards isn’t necessary, but one or two, carefully managed, can help you establish a good score. Don’t just apply without a plan. Know how much credit you need and how you plan to repay it. If you opt not to have a credit card, open a credit account and faithfully pay it. You need some evidence that will get back to the credit reporters to enhance your score.

• Be patient. Good credit is not built in a day. It may take a few months of faithfully paying bills, keeping credit lines tidy and controlling your spending to produce the results you are looking for. But it will all be worth it when you face a mortgage lender across the desk or have other credit requests to make.

How To Get The Best Airfares

March 21, 2018 By Twila Van Leer

If you fly a lot, you should be routinely getting the best possible fares. So here are seven tips that will help you accomplish that:

• Research. Comparison sites such as Kayak or Google Flights can provide current prices. Use the calendar view to see how prices line up at different times of the year. When you know what the regular prices are, you’ll recognize a deal when you see it.
• Stay updated. Some sites update frequently to advertise flash sales and error fares. Airfare watchdog, Thrifty Traveler and Secret Flying post deals throughout the day and supplement with Twitter and Facebook posts. Many deals are time-sensitive and you have to be flexible to take advantage of them. If a deal seems right for you, don’t wait. Book it immediately.
• Look for shoulder season or off-season flights. The high-demand months are March, April, July, August and December. That’s when fares are highest. They correlate with school breaks and holidays. “Shoulder” months are May, June, October and November. Not only are flights less expensive then, but weather is usually milder and there are fewer crowds to deal with. Off-season months are January, February and September, and you’ll find the lowest fares then.
• Fly on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Airfares are priced on supply and demand, so these days offer the best fare deals because of low demand. Demand is highest on Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays.
• Book early, but not too early. The best time to find the best rates is 45 to 90 days before you plan to fly. Too early or too late can lock you into a rate that might drop before your planned departure.
• Use the 24-hour cancellation policy. If you see a cheap fare in which you are interested, snap it up. That gives you 24 hours within which to make further considerations. Use the time to check to see if you can find a better deal. You haven’t anything to lose if you decide to cancel if the airline you chose has a 24-hour cancellation policy. Obviously, you need to be aware of that before you make the jump.
• Get back the difference. If you have booked a flight and subsequently see the same flight on a different airline at a lower price, check and see if the original line has a price-matching policy. Some airlines charge a $40 service fee, but you don’t have to use the policy often to recoup that cost.
Booking the best airfares is a complex mix of research, flexibility, decisiveness, timing and luck. Vigilance is the operative word. But the effort can pay off and you can save enough money for even more flights. It’s worth it.

Money Can Buy Happiness

March 16, 2018 By Twila Van Leer

Contrary to the common adage that says you can’t buy happiness, a massive research project conducted by Purdue University and the University of Virginia indicates that there is a certain amount of happiness that is related to satisfaction with life that comes from a certain income.

The two universities analyzed World Gallup Poll data that was gathered from 1.7 million people in 164 countries and cross-referenced earnings with life satisfaction. The results of the study were published in the journal Nature Human Behavior.

The study acknowledged that costs and standards of living varied among the countries included in the study and factored that into their conclusions.

The upshot for Americans was that an ideal income for individuals is $95,000 per year to obtain life satisfaction. Emotional well-being, the study showed, is achievable at $60,000 to $75,000 per year. Families with children, of course, will need more.

The researchers defined life satisfaction as an overall assessment of how one is doing financially. Emotional well-being related to day-to-day feelings such as happiness, sadness, excitement, anger, etc.

The extensive survey also indicated that once a threshold was reached, additional increases in income actually were associated with reduced happiness, indicating that the more people have, the more they want. They tend to compare themselves with others more often.

There is a happiness “tipping point,” the researchers concluded., related to how well an individual feels about money. A small decline in earnings causes one to relate with others who make slightly lower incomes, perhaps because of the costs that come with higher incomes, said Andrew Jebb, lead author of the study and a doctoral student at Purdue.

He noted that the findings of the large study raise issues about money and happiness across cultures. “Money is only part of what really makes us happy and we’re learning more about the limits of money.“

Value Of Money Changes

February 26, 2018 By Twila Van Leer

Do You Know The Time Value Of Money?

Wimpy, of the old cartoon show, Popeye, loves hamburgers, a passion that leads to his signature line, “I’ll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today.” This line leads us to our topic of discussion today. Will the dollar you have today be worth more tomorrow?

A dollar this year may be worth much more next year. The opposite of what Wimpy was suggesting. This variation in the value of our dollars is one of the fundamental principles of finance and you need to firmly establish it in your mind as you contemplate investing. Your $1 today invested wisely can be worth much more next year. The best advice you can take is to remember this forward -looking growth statement. You need to realize the value of every dollar that comes into your possession.

Using your money wisely can offset such factors as inflation. If you can invest and earn a dividend or capital gains on your dollar, you stay ahead of the decline in value related to inflation. Realizing the full potential of every dollar you have is key to building wealth. Think of dollars as seeds. You can eat them (spend) or sow them (invest.)

Think in terms of the future value of your dollar, not what it is worth at the moment.

Assume you are 30 years old and 35 years from retirement at age 65. That means that an investment you make now has 35 years to compound. If you invest at a good rate of return, you’ll have a good nest egg when you retire. The historic rate of return on the stock market is 12 percent. The return on bonds is slightly lower. A combination of both could predictably give you a return of 10 percent.

Using these variables and estimates, you could assume that failing to invest $20 today could cost you approximately $562 over 35 years. Adjusting for inflation, the cost could be closer to $140. Even so, your purchasing power would have increased some seven-fold.

Multiply $20 by whatever amount you are able to invest, and you can see that failing to invest now has significant impact on what you can expect to have in the future.

Seen in this context, you may reassess how much a seemingly small luxury you indulge in today can add up to a significant loss in the future. Think ahead.